A Comprehensive Comparison of AOD-9604 and Ipamorelin 

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Looking for a detailed comparison of AOD 9604 vs. Ipamorelin, including their research studies, potential properties, and mechanisms of action? We compared Ipamorelin with AOD-964 extensively, looking at studies that suggested both peptides may work synergistically to potentially:

• increase muscle cell development
• loss of fat cell storage
• strengthening of bone structure 

We will also provide information on the most reliable vendor for research-grade Ipamorelin and AOD-9604 for your study needs. 

AOD-9604 Peptide: What is it?

An altered form of the C-terminal portion of the hGH molecule, AOD-9604, is known as Anti-Obesity Drug 9640. In the late 1990s, Australian Metabolic Pharmaceuticals created this peptide fragment. Studies suggest that multiple sites in the 191-amino acid chain of synthetic hGH may mediate its alleged physiological impacts on research models. 

Research indicates that the final fifteen amino acids of growth hormone (hGH)—the C-terminal fragment, also known as AOD-9401 or hGH 177-191—may mediate the hormone’s effects on fat metabolism. As previously stated, the insertion of tyrosine to the N-terminus is the only change to AOD-9604 from the original hGH 177-191 fragment. 

Except for the disulfide bridge between the two cysteine amino acids (Cys182 and Cys189), which are located at positions 7 and 14 in the case of AOD-9604, the other portions of the structure are indistinguishable from the 177-191 amino acid sequence of hGH. A disulfide bond and N-terminal tyrosine greatly improve the peptide’s stability. AOD-9604 has been studied for a range of possible relevance in research study contexts: 

• Most of its research has focused on its potential as an agent for weight reduction. Unfortunately, ineffective studies halted AOD 9604’s development as an anti-obesity research chemical in 2007. 
• In animal studies, AOD-9604 has been evaluated in research on osteoarthritis by inserting it into the joint. 
• Australian pharmaceutical firm Lateral Pharma looked into the peptide for its possible relevance in migraine and neuropathic pain studies. However, the outcomes appeared no different from those of the placebo. 

Ipamorelin Peptide: What is it?

Growth hormone-releasing peptide-1 (GHRP-1) is a growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) that yields the pentapeptide Ipamorelin (NNC 26-0161). One met-enkephalin analog that does not bind to the opioid receptor is GHRP-1. 

Two GH secretagogues, GHRP-1 and Ipamorelin, have been hypothesized to increase growth hormone production by binding to the pituitary gland’s ghrelin receptor. By inhibiting the production of other pituitary hormones, including ACTH and prolactin, Ipamorelin may promote growth hormone release more selectively than other GHS class members. 

Novo Nordisk and Helsinn Therapeutics were the first to develop and patent Ipamorelin in 1994. Its alleged purpose in development was to increase peristalsis in the stomach tract, similar to ghrelin. 

After gastrointestinal surgery, post-surgical ileus may occur, a condition associated with a lack of peristalsis. Thus, the peptide was tested to see if it may mitigate the impact of such a condition. 

The clinical development of Ipamorelin was halted due to the lack of considerable properties suggested over 7-10 days, even though phase-2 trials indicated certain practical results for this disease. However, Ipamorelin’s potential properties associated with boosting GH and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) have been suggested in laboratory experiments. Some examples of this are:

• Increased muscle cell development
• Increased strengthening and mineralization of bones 

AOD-9604 vs. Ipamorelin: A Thorough Analysis 

While AOD-9604 mimics the actions of growth hormone, Ipamorelin has been theorized to increase growth hormone synthesis. There is a difference in the effects and mechanisms of the two substances. Regarding the processes by which they work: 

When given to research models, Ipamorelin is theorized to activate pituitary GHS-R1a, leading to a rise in hGH levels within 40 minutes. The peptide’s possible impacts on hGH production may be felt for up to three hours, with a half-life of two hours.

On the other hand, AOD-9604 does not seem to affect the organism’s production of hGH or IGF-1. It seems to enhance lipolysis in the organism, albeit the exact processes are unclear. Based on researchers’ knowledge, these pathways might be comparable to those seen with exogenous hGH exposure, which involves increasing lipolysis in adipocytes and activating adrenergic receptors. 

Food intake, weight, and serum GH appear elevated after Ipamorelin presentation. As suggested by preclinical animal research, Ipamorelin might cause a substantial increase in hunger and weight gain associated with both muscle and fat cells. Additionally, under substance-induced catabolic situations, some animal studies have suggested a 54% rise in IGF-I and a decrease in muscular strength loss. 

As compared, AOD-9604 seems to cause weight reduction, namely fat loss. Animal studies have indicated that it may cause substantial weight reduction. By measuring glycerol release from adipose tissue, researchers speculated that obese Zucker rats appeared to experience a 23% increase in lipolytic activity, leading to a weight loss of around 50% in only 19 days. In a nutshell, AOD-9604 has been hypothesized to promote weight reduction, while Ipamorelin may lead to weight increase and muscle cell growth. 

AOD-9604 Peptide Potential

Experimental studies have been conducted with AOD-9604 within the context of weight reduction, cartilage regeneration, neuropathic pain, and migraines. Several prominent preclinical investigations about the potential of AOD-9604 are summarized below: 

• Throughout a 12-week clinical study, daily AOD-9604 exposure appeared to have induced a loss average of 5.72 pounds, compared to only 1.76 pounds lost by the placebo group. Curiously, the effects of weight loss did not seem to rely on concentration; increasing concentration did not appear to result in a bigger decrease in weight. 
• Obese mice appeared to have lost 28% and 40% of their weight, respectively, after 14 days of daily AOD 9604 and hGH exposure, according to murine research. 
• Scientists speculated that AOD9604 may have improved cartilage regeneration over a placebo (saline) in a knee osteoarthritis model produced by collagenase. According to the research, AOD 9604 and hyaluronic acid seemed more effective than either substance alone. 

In general, it seems that AOD-9604 may have fat-burning properties comparable to hGH. Additional study is needed to clarify whether the peptide has some of the growth hormone’s  possible impacts on aiding recovery.

Please note that none of the substances mentioned in this article have been approved for human or animal consumption and should, therefore, not be utilized by unlicensed individuals.

References 

 [i] Valentino, M. A., Lin, J. E., & Waldman, S. A. (2010). Central and peripheral molecular targets for anti[1]obesity pharmacotherapy. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics, 87(6), 652–662. https://doi.org/10.1038/clpt.2010.57

 [ii] Stier, H., Vos, E., & Kenley, D. (2013). Safety and Tolerability of the Hexadecapeptide AOD9604 in Humans. Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 3(1-2), 7-15.

 [iii] Jeoung, D. I., Allen, D. L., Guller, S., Yen, V., & Sonenberg, M. (1993). Mitogenic and receptor activities of human growth hormone 108-129. The Journal of biological chemistry, 268(30), 22520– 22524.

 [iv] Ng, F. M., Jiang, W. J., Gianello, R., Pitt, S., & Roupas, P. (2000). Molecular and cellular actions of a structural domain of human growth hormone (AOD9401) on lipid metabolism in Zucker fatty rats. Journal of molecular endocrinology, 25(3), 287–298. https://doi.org/10.1677/jme.0.0250287

 [v] Heffernan, M., Summers, R. J., Thorburn, A., Ogru, E., Gianello, R., Jiang, W. J., & Ng, F. M. (2001). The Effects of Human GH and Its Lipolytic Fragment (AOD9604) on Lipid Metabolism Following Chronic Treatment in Obese Mice andβ 3-AR Knock-Out Mice. Endocrinology, 142(12), 5182-5189.

 [vi] Cox, H. D., Smeal, S. J., Hughes, C. M., Cox, J. E., & Eichner, D. (2015). Detection and in vitro metabolism of AOD9604. Drug testing and analysis, 7(1), 31–38. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.1715

 [vii] Hartvig, R. A., Holm, N. B., Dalsgaard, P. W., Reitzel, L. A., Müller, I. B., & Linnet, K. (2014). Identification of peptide and protein doping related drug compounds confiscated in Denmark between 2007- 2013. Scandinavian Journal of Forensic Science, 20(2), 42-49.

 [viii]  Isidro, M. L., & Cordido, F. (2010). Approved and Off[1]Label Uses of Obesity Medications, and Potential New Pharmacologic Treatment Options. Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 3(1), 125–145. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph3010125

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