Rare 700-year-old gold ring with Sri Lankan sapphire discovered in Slovakian castle
A rare 700-year-old gold ring has been unearthed at Zvolen Castle in Slovakia. The 18-karat piece is adorned with twin lion heads and set with an exceptionally rare purplish-red Sri Lankan sapphire. Beyond its beauty, the ring holds significant historical and religious value.
The ring was originally discovered in 2001 by a treasure hunter but only came into the hands of archaeologists in 2023. Experts from Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra conducted a scientific analysis, with their findings published on 4 June 2025, in the Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, as reported by LiveScience.
Unique materials and symbolism
Researchers used non-invasive techniques such as Raman spectroscopy and micro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to examine the piece. They confirmed the ring is made of 18-karat gold and set with a 2-carat corundum—a mineral family that includes sapphires and rubies. Despite its ruby-like hue, the gemstone was identified as a sapphire due to subtle differences in chemical composition and colour.
Gemological testing determined the sapphire originated from Sri Lanka, a region renowned for its sapphire mines since Roman times. Researchers believe the gem reached Central Europe via historic trade routes such as those through Aleppo or Constantinople.
Likely belonged to a bishop
The ring’s uniqueness extends beyond materials to its design. Lion heads are common in medieval heraldry but rarely seen on rings. In the Middle Ages, lions symbolised strength, courage, and royal dignity, while in Christian iconography they signified resurrection and rebirth.
According to archaeologist Noémi Beljak Pažinová, the ring’s style and symbolism suggest it was worn by a high-ranking church official, most likely a bishop. Such ceremonial rings served as official insignia, embodying spiritual protection, social status, and wealth.
Many of the ring’s secrets remain unknown
Though the ring’s design dates to the early 1300s, when and how it was lost remains unclear. Zvolen Castle fell into decline in the latter half of the 14th century, and the ring was found in part of the castle’s inner courtyard.
This remarkable artefact stands out not just for its rarity, but for its cultural and religious significance. It offers a glimpse into a period when jewellery was more than an ornament: it was a powerful expression of rank, faith, and social connections.
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