Impressive: Rare medieval Hungarian codex discovered in pristine condition – PHOTOS
Örs Orosz, a prominent figure in Hungarian cultural life in Slovakia, has uncovered a previously unknown, unmarked medieval codex. Preliminary analysis by codicologists at the Széchényi Library suggests the manuscript was created in the late 14th or early 15th century and has survived in immaculate condition — a rarity in itself.
This extraordinary find is related to the Szepesolaszi Codices (Spišské Vlachy Codices) and is believed to be the sixth edition in a series of which only five were previously known. The discovery marks not only a scientific breakthrough but also a culturally significant moment in history. Most medieval manuscripts were discovered during the 18th-century heyday of codex discoveries, and the emergence of truly medieval texts has since become exceedingly rare.
Rare find: Medieval codex in perfect condition
Lelépő reports based on Orosz’s Facebook post that the manuscript likely originated from a church or noble collection and represents a singular insight into the written culture before the invention of the printing press. Orosz’s personal story adds another layer of significance to the event: he had dreamed of finding such a book since his teenage years. In his words, “It took 25 years, but it made for a great 40th birthday gift.”
The document is currently undergoing restoration, with plans to unveil it to the public this fall during the ceremonial opening of the Pauline monastery in Gombaszög. Remarkably, the manuscript dates back to the same era as the restored medieval structure.
The history and importance of Hungarian codices
Medieval Hungarian codices — hand-written books — rank among the most important sources for the history of the Hungarian language and literature, and are considered national treasures. Major Hungarian libraries house many of these invaluable works, which include texts in both Hungarian and Latin.
Among the most renowned examples are the Pray Codex (1192–1195), recognised as one of the earliest Hungarian language records; the Jókai Codex (post-1370); the Vienna and Munich Codices; as well as the 15th-century Apor and Érdy Codices. These manuscripts are not only religious in nature but also hold literary, legal, and historical importance.
Ongoing research into these documents and their fragments continues to enhance our understanding of medieval Hungarian book culture and literacy. Even tiny scraps of parchment can prove critical to reconstructing complete works and gaining deeper insight into the cultural life of the Middle Ages.
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