The Hungarian government introduced several so-called windfall or excess profit taxes last year after Orbán won another supermajority in the general elections. Of course, all the companies concerned in the banking or retail sectors passed the burden onto their customers. The cabinet promised they would withdraw the extra tax soon after the economy stabilises. However, they remained and will remain in 2024. Furthermore, Hungary’s finance minister talked about increasing banking windfall tax, which hit the forint badly.
According to portfolio.hu, the finance minister, Mihály Varga, and the governor of the Hungarian national bank, György Matolcsy, clashed again at an economist conference in Eger, Eastern Hungary. Varga said the budget did not look good. Varga added they would like to keep the budget deficit below last year’s 6.2%. According to hvg.hu, this year’s budget deficit will be between 3.9 and 6.2%.
Varga said they might raise the banking windfall tax because those financial institutions have a high-profit rate. Furthermore, he talked about supervising state-supported loan programs, reducing the expenditures of the cabinet and suspending ongoing projects. He slammed some government and national bank decisions for the high inflation (e.g. the belated interest rate increase), adding that the core problem was the Hungarian economy’s energy dependency.
While Varga tried to be optimistic, Matolcsy was not. He slammed Varga, Orbán and the government for the “inflation catastrophe”. He called the high inflation an “economic mass accident”.
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National bank governor slammed the government and even Orbán
He blamed the government’s expenditure decisions between 2021 and 2022 for the high inflation, including the 13th month pension and a tax refund for the children-raising Hungarian families. That is why the inflation skyrocketed, and the government did not even support the fight against it. Matolcsy also blamed the price caps for inflation. He said their introduction fuelled the inflation trend by 3-4%. Matolcsy said the government’s economic policy was lightheaded, resulting in high inflation. He added that Orbán’s plan to double Hungary’s GDP by 2030 is impossible. It would need a 10% annual growth. But that would mean 6-9% inflation. Such a growth would be devoured because the previous cheap money era is over.
The clash between the minister and the governor and the minister’s plan to increase taxes had a considerable impact on the exchange rate of the forint. The Hungarian currency weakened and left the 380-385/EUR level. Portfolio said that provided that trend did not stop, we might reach the 390/EUR level soon. On Friday morning, for example, the rate was above 388/EUR.
Fidesz parliamentary group leader said the opposite
Meanwhile, Fidesz parliamentary group leader Máté Kocsis denied that there were plans to raise the windfall tax on banks. He added that this was the group’s position and all statements that differ from it should be regarded as personal opinions. Lending needs to be increased in 2024 and this requires subsidised loans and banks. Tax increase would go against this, so it would not be realistic, he added.
Commenting on central bank governor György Matolcsy’s remarks on the government’s economic policy, he said there was a debate between the government and the central bank governor in certain economic policy issues, MTI wrote. “It is a good and inspiring debate and should not be regarded as a reason to project the end of the world,” he added.
UPDAE – Finance ministry: Budget ensures resources even during wartime
The budget ensures the resources necessary to maintain the regulated utilities price scheme for households, protect the security of the country, and defend family subsidies and pensions, even during wartime, the finance ministry said on Friday. Hungary’s cash flow-based general government balance reached 3,298.7 billion forints (EUR 8.5bn) at the end of August, the ministry confirmed in a detailed release of data. The deficit widened from 2,940.3 billion forints at the end of July. The central budget deficit reached 3,330.8 billion forints at the end of August and the social security funds were 93.0 billion forints in the red. Separate state funds had a 125.1 billion forints surplus.
“In addition to the extraordinary expenditures, the budget continues to pre-finance European Union programmes, the resources for which Brussels is keeping from Hungary for political reasons,” it added. The ministry noted that spending on European Union-funded programmes came to 1,813.8 billion forints in January-August, while transfers from Brussels reached just 1,040.9 billion forints. Expenditures related to the regulated utilities price scheme for households came to 1,085.1 billion forints by the end of August.
Expenditures on compensation for suburban and long-distance public transport reached 440.5 billion forints. “In spite of the unfavourable international circumstances, the government remains committed to reducing the deficit and state debt level from year to year,” the ministry said. The full-year deficit target is 3,400.2 billion forints. The deficit reached 4,753.4 billion forints in 2022.