According to the latest preliminary data from the Hungarian Central Statistical Office (KSH), 6,360 children were born in August 2025, a 5.7% decrease compared to the same month last year – 386 fewer newborns. At the same time, 8,908 people died, which represents a 15% improvement compared to August 2024, yet the balance remained negative: natural population decline amounted to 2,548 people. At the end of the article, we will take a look at the factors explaining population decline in Hungary.

Between January and August, a total of 48,093 children were born, down 6.7% year-on-year. The decline was visible in almost every month, most notably in February–March (–8.6%) and April–May (–12%), according to figures published by Pénzcentrum based on KSH’s latest report.

Fertility rate continues to fall

The estimated total fertility rate for 2025 is just 1.31 children per woman, lower than the 2024 figure of 1.38. This indicator illustrates how far Hungary remains from securing natural population replacement.

According to InfoStart, demographer Zsolt Spéder noted that the fall in births is part of a global trend. Even in highly developed welfare states such as Finland and Norway, couples are having fewer children. South Korea and Taiwan have faced an extreme situation for years, with fertility rates consistently below 1: a sign of a profound demographic crisis.

While Hungary’s figure is still somewhat higher, the continuous decline is alarming, particularly given the shrinking number of women of childbearing age.

Deaths and natural population decline

In the first eight months of 2025, 82,996 people died in Hungary, 1.2% fewer than during the same period in 2024. However, the slight improvement in mortality could not offset the drop in births: natural population decline reached 34,903, which is 7.5% higher than last year.

This means that within just half a year, Hungary lost the equivalent of a medium-sized town’s population.

Fewer marriages

The number of marriages also decreased. In August, 6,370 couples tied the knot, 5.1% fewer than a year earlier. Between January and August 2025, 30,976 marriages were registered – 1,804 fewer than in the same period of 2024.

Behind the decline: More than just numbers

Hungary’s situation is not unique but part of a wider demographic crisis affecting many developed nations. Experts point to several factors: fewer women of childbearing age, lower fertility among women in relationships, and increasing social and economic uncertainty.

Beyond economics, issues such as education, healthcare, and social conditions also play a crucial role. Hungary’s healthcare system has long struggled with underfunding and shortages, particularly in obstetric care, which can discourage young couples from having children. Reports of so-called “obstetric violence” – instances of mistreatment and violations of mothers’ rights during childbirth – further contribute to women’s reluctance to give birth in Hungary, with some opting to start families abroad instead.

Young people’s outlook also offers little encouragement. The overhaul of the education system, the low prestige of the teaching profession, and international job opportunities often make emigration more attractive. For those who remain, difficulties such as high housing costs, unstable labour market conditions, and rising living expenses frequently delay or prevent family formation.

In short, Hungary’s demographic challenges are not merely biological or statistical but deeply intertwined with the country’s socioeconomic structure and the state of public services.