Farkas Kempelen, the Hungarian creator of the world-famous first chess-playing machine

He was a genius of his age since he made a typewriter for a blind girl, a steam engine, a special bed for Empress Marie Theresa, and he was also a poet, a writer and a goldsmith at the same time. His chess-playing machine defeated not only grandmasters of the time but also Napoleon Bonaparte and Benjamin Franklin.

A Hungarian polymath of the 18th century

Kempelen, who was born in 1734 in Pozsony (today Bratislava) and lived later in Vienna, was a polymath in the 18th century. Like Thomas Alva Edison more than 150 years later, he had countless inventions preceding his age. However, today, he is mostly remembered for his famous “Turk”, a chess-playing machine he created in 1769.

Seemingly, the puppet played chess independently, and he was very difficult to defeat. People were suspicious, so they made Kempelen open the drawers and doors of the table, but they found nothing. Today, we already know that the whole thing was just

a very clever trick 

since a human chess master was hiding inside and operated the machine. However, taking into consideration the technology level of the era, it was rather difficult to put somebody in the machine, allow him to see the chessboard, provide him light inside and make people believe that the “Turk” plays alone.

For example, there was an oil lamp inside, but its smoke had to be diverted invisible to the public. Therefore, they lighted the figure in a way nobody noticed that his turban was constantly emitting smoke.

The secrets of the “Turk” were preserved for long since

even its buyers did not want to reveal how it worked exactly.