A fresh investigation has revealed that Hungarian intelligence services may be using a controversial Israeli-developed surveillance tool, raising serious legal and ethical questions within the European Union.

According to findings published by VSquare and journalist Szabolcs Panyi, the system in question—known as Webloc—has reportedly been deployed for large-scale tracking operations.

How the technology works, and why it is so dangerous

Webloc, developed by Cobwebs Technologies, is an artificial intelligence-driven tool capable of monitoring vast numbers of individuals. It works by collecting and analysing advertising data generated by smartphone applications, allowing authorities to track users’ locations without their knowledge or consent.

Investigators, including experts from Citizen Lab, suggest that the software can potentially monitor hundreds of millions of people globally. Such capabilities have sparked concerns that its use may breach the EU’s strict data protection framework, including GDPR regulations.

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The Hungarian government have been using this software for years now

The report claims that Hungarian intelligence and law enforcement agencies have been using Cobwebs tools for at least five years. Among the organisations allegedly involved are the National Information Centre and the Constitution Protection Office.

Licences for the software were reportedly obtained through SCI-Network Zrt., a company led by Tamás Berki. Documents cited in the investigation indicate that the licences were renewed as recently as March 2026, shortly before Hungary’s parliamentary elections.

There is a domestic alternative, too, but that turned out to be subpar

The renewal appears to follow the failure of a Hungarian-developed alternative known as Quvasz (or QU-VASZ). Despite reportedly costing HUF tens of billions, the domestic system proved significantly less effective than the Israeli technology.

The Hungarian government is believed to be the first EU member state confirmed to have used such a tool, potentially placing it in violation of European law. The revelations are likely to intensify scrutiny of the government of Viktor Orbán, which has previously faced criticism over surveillance practices.

Featured image: Orbán Viktor/Facebook