Remarkable cabasset helmet found in Visegrád during archaeological excavation – PHOTOS
Archaeological excavations in Visegrád have uncovered a remarkable collection of artefacts, shedding light on the intense sieges that shaped the region in the 16th and 17th centuries. Among the findings is a rare fragment of a cabasset helmet, a key piece of military equipment from the period.
Archaeological discoveries at Visegrád
As we have reported HERE, Archaeological discoveries at Visegrád have shed light on medieval architectural innovation. Using 3D scanning, experts reconstructed the Franciscan Church sanctuary vault, linking it to designs preserved at St Stephen’s Church in Vienna. Notably, carvings by Anton Pilgram, a pioneering master builder, reveal his early use of curved rib vaults at Visegrád, a technique later refined in Vienna. This milestone, part of the Visegrád Renaissance Development Programme, celebrates the town’s rich cultural heritage and its influence on Central European architecture.
New findings
According to the National Archaeological Institute, archaeological excavations at the Visegrád Citadel’s Anjou-period dry moat have uncovered a wealth of artefacts, many linked to the sieges that took place during the early modern period. Among the discoveries are fragments of small arms, cannonballs, arrowheads, and the remains of stabbing and cutting weapons, all dating from the mid-16th to early 17th centuries. The intensity of the conflict is evident from the presence of small arms ammunition and pickaxe damage on several objects, reflecting the fierce battles fought in and around the citadel during this tumultuous period in history.
Cabasset helmet
One of the most striking finds is a fragmentary cabasset helmet, a type of conical infantry helmet that was widely used across Europe during the 16th and 17th centuries. The helmet is decorated with copper rosettes along its rim and features an ornate copper feather swivel at the back. This design suggests that the helmet belonged to a soldier, likely a Habsburg mercenary, and was part of their armament during or after the Fifteen Years’ War.
A comparison with similar helmets in the Visegrád Museum’s collection further highlights the uniqueness of this find. The example on display in the Solomon’s Tower exhibition shares the same feather swivel, making it an exact parallel, while another helmet in the palace weapons exhibition is simpler in design, reflecting a more common type of equipment used by infantrymen at the time.
The Visegrád excavation forms part of the larger Visegrád Renaissance project, which aims to preserve and promote the cultural heritage of the region. The project, managed by Várkapitányság Ltd., continues to shed light on Visegrád’s significant role in Central European history. This cabasset helmet, despite its fragmentary state, offers valuable historical information due to its well-dated archaeological context, aided by accompanying numismatic finds.
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Odd sculpture of Hungarian freedom fighter Lajos Kossuth with hussar neck tattoo in Cuba raises questions – PHOTOS
A bold and baffling tribute to Lajos Kossuth has appeared in Havana, turning heads and stirring debate. Crafted by Munkácsy Prize-winning artist Gábor Benő Pogány, the unconventional statue features a long-necked figure adorned with patriotic flourishes, blending symbolism with an unusual aesthetic. Its surprising placement and timing have left many questioning whether this curious homage to Hungary’s revolutionary hero is more puzzling than poignant.
Sculpture of Lajos Kossuth in Havana
As 24.hu reports, in early November, Havana saw the unveiling of a striking and unconventional sculpture near the beach: a portrait of Hungarian freedom fighter Lajos Kossuth by Munkácsy Prize-winning artist Gábor Benő Pogány. The piece, which has drawn surprise and scepticism, features a bearded figure with a long neck adorned with a patriotic tattoo, resembling neither Kossuth nor traditional artistic styles. Some have compared it to PEZ dispensers, questioning its relevance in Cuba and linking it to a recent pattern of controversial works commissioned by those close to power.
Cuban FM in Hungary
The monument’s timing has also raised eyebrows, coinciding with the first visit of a Cuban foreign minister to Hungary since 1983. Bruno Rodríguez Parrilla received an honorary doctorate and signed cooperation agreements with Hungarian officials during his visit. The new statue appears to replace a bronze predecessor that mysteriously disappeared from Havana’s Lenin Park years ago, now reimagined and donated by a folk art school. Speculation lingers over the motivations behind the installation, as the artist reportedly received an undisclosed sum for a work that many consider more puzzling than celebratory.
What was the idea behind the sculpture?
According to Szoljon, the unveiling of the Lajos Kossuth sculpture in Havana has sparked curiosity about its design and context. Sculptor Gábor Benő Pogány described the work as a “main column,” symbolising Lajos Kossuth as a “columnar” leader, with the piece crafted from frost-resistant ceramic—a curious choice given Cuba’s warm climate and lack of freezing temperatures. The statue, featuring hussars around its neck and standing twice life-size, was inaugurated in a ceremony attended largely by Hungarian officials, including Fidesz MP János Halász and Hungarian Academy of Arts vice-president Zoltán Rátóti. Despite its political overtones, Pogány distanced himself from the accompanying fanfare, explaining his absence not as a statement but simply due to his aversion to air travel.
Who was Lajos Kossuth?
Lajos Kossuth was a prominent Hungarian statesman, lawyer, and revolutionary leader, renowned for his pivotal role in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848–1849. A powerful orator and advocate for independence, he served as finance minister in the Batthyány government before becoming governor-president and head of the National Defence Commission, effectively acting as Hungary’s leader during its fight against Habsburg rule. Kossuth’s efforts to establish a democratic and independent Hungary made him a national hero, and his legacy endures as a symbol of freedom and self-determination in Hungarian history.
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Sensational: Medieval church discovered beneath Visegrád tennis court reveals architectural masterpieces
In the spring of 2023, an unexpected discovery was made in Visegrád: the remains of the Church of the Virgin Mary, part of a medieval Franciscan monastery, were discovered under a tennis court. A collapsed crypt of the church’s sanctuary was found on the site, concealing unique late Gothic vaulting elements.
The archaeologists first used 3D scanning technology to document the excavated elements, and then began excavating them from the crypt. The resulting data allowed an authentic reconstruction of the shape of the former net vault, a milestone in the study of medieval architecture.
According to the Facebook page of the Hungarian National Museum, careful examination of the more than 100 stone elements recovered has led experts to conclude that the floor plan of the Visegrád sanctuary vault has not been completely lost. Based on medieval plans, they established that copies of the vault plans had survived in the archives of the building workshop of St Stephen’s Church in Vienna.
This unique discovery has given us the opportunity to get an accurate picture of the former state of the Visegrád sanctuary. The plans in the Vienna archives are a unique example of medieval architectural heritage, and the Visegrád remains, together with them, occupy an important place in the architectural history of Central Europe.
Identifying workers and craftsmen
The excavation of the Visegrád church has focused attention not only on the architectural elements, but also on the work of the stonemasons. On several pieces of stone, carefully engraved line drawings or carving marks were found, which identified the craftsmen. These marks were not only a guarantee of the quality of the work, but also the basis for the craftsmen’s wages. These marks are of particular importance to historians as they rarely allow the identification of specific master builders.
On the vaults of the Visegrád sanctuary, three stone carvings have been identified, which art historians attribute to Anton Pilgram. Pilgram, who was born in Brno and later became Master of the Chapter of St Stephen’s Church in Vienna, was one of the first ‘self-confident artistic geniuses’ in Central Europe. His work is documented in contemporary sources: between 1500 and 1511 he worked as a municipal master builder in Brno, before taking over the building of St Stephen’s in Vienna. He was also responsible for the church’s famous pulpit and richly decorated organ gallery.
One of Pilgram’s most important technical innovations was the construction of vaults made of curved ribs. According to the Visegrád vaulting elements, Pilgram worked as a stonemason on the vaulting of the Franciscan church sanctuary at the beginning of his career, between 1498 and 1500. This work was obviously very important for him, as he took his designs with him to Brno and then to Vienna, where he developed and applied them.
Visegrád Heritage: Past meets future
The results of the excavations have not only been an exciting discovery for archaeologists and art historians, but have also contributed to a renewed focus on the cultural heritage of the medieval town as part of the Visegrád Renaissance Development Programme. The reconstruction of the sanctuary vault of the Franciscan Church of Visegrád sheds light on a little-known but extremely important chapter in the history of architecture in Central Europe and is a fitting tribute to the artistic talent of Master Anton Pilgram. This discovery is not only a tribute to the past, but also a tribute to architectural innovation of value to both local and international communities.
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CNN: U.S. Supreme Court considers legal path for Holocaust survivors to reclaim stolen property in Hungary
The Supreme Court is weighing a pivotal case on whether Holocaust victims can sue Hungary in U.S. courts over property seized during World War II, sparking debate on sovereign immunity and the limits of international litigation.
Can the families sue Hungary?
As CNN reports, the Supreme Court has expressed scepticism over whether Holocaust victims and their families can sue Hungary in U.S. courts for property stolen during World War II. During a hearing on Tuesday, justices from across the ideological spectrum raised concerns that allowing such cases could open the floodgates to similar international litigation.
The case, which has been in contention for nearly 15 years, centres on whether an exception to the rule against suing foreign governments applies. The plaintiffs argue that Hungary seized their property during the Holocaust, later using the proceeds in U.S. transactions, thereby connecting the case to American jurisdiction. However, the justices appeared divided on the broader implications, with no clear consensus emerging from the session.
A labyrinth of questions and concerns
The Supreme Court deliberated on whether an exception to sovereign immunity permits Holocaust victims to sue Hungary in U.S. courts for property seized during World War II. Sovereign immunity typically protects nations from such lawsuits, but U.S. law includes an exception for cases involving expropriated property tied to the United States. The families argue that funds Hungary obtained from liquidating stolen property were partially spent in the U.S., warranting the exception. However, Chief Justice John Roberts and Justice Brett Kavanaugh expressed scepticism, questioning the scope of the exception and raising concerns about foreign policy repercussions. Kavanaugh noted that no other nation allows such lawsuits, emphasising the potential international ramifications of the ruling.
Tracing funds through decades of transactions?
The Supreme Court exhibited reservations across ideological lines regarding the lawsuit by Holocaust victims against Hungary for expropriated property. Justice Sonia Sotomayor questioned the plausibility of tracing funds through decades of transactions, describing it as a “fiction.” Justices Elena Kagan and Samuel Alito expressed concerns about allowing foreign nations to evade scrutiny by commingling stolen assets with general funds, with Kagan warning it could create a “roadmap” for impunity.
Alito downplayed fears of reciprocal lawsuits against the U.S., while Justice Brett Kavanaugh raised concerns about exposure to historical claims. The case, Hungary v. Simon, originally filed in 2010 and previously reviewed by the Supreme Court, has returned following a federal appeals court ruling in favour of the families. A final decision is expected next year.
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- PHOTOS: The Hungarian President in Auschwitz
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Featured image: depositphotos.com
‘Egészségedre!’: Handy guide to toasting in Hungary
When it comes to toasting in Hungary, it’s not just about raising a glass—it’s about honouring centuries of tradition and adding a dash of cultural flair to any celebration. From mastering the tricky “Egészségedre!” word to avoiding the historic no-beer-toast rule, every detail tells a story. And don’t forget to lock eyes during the clink—superstition says your next seven years of luck might depend on it! Whether it’s wine, pálinka, or simply the joy of togetherness, toasting in Hungary is your passport to making moments unforgettable.
What to say when toasting in Hungary?
Toasting in Hungary is a vibrant tradition steeped in history and cultural significance, making it an essential part of any social gathering. When raising a glass, Hungarians typically say “Egészségedre!” (the pronunciation is something like: egg-ace-shay-ged-re), which translates to “to your health.” However, many just say “Egészség!”, which translates to “health”, probably because it is shorter. After all, it might not be too easy to pronounce such a long Hungarian word after a few drinks… You can also toast to someone’s health by saying for example “Tibor egészségére”, “to Tibor’s health”. In addition, you can also acknowledge achievements by saying “Az új munkádra!”, “To your new job!”.
Do not toast with beer
Interestingly, the custom of toasting in Hungary is influenced by a historical vow dating back to the 1848 revolution against the Austrians. For over 150 years, it was considered inappropriate to toast with beer, as it was believed that doing so would disrespect the memory of fallen heroes. Although this ban has since been lifted, many Hungarians still prefer to toast with wine or pálinka, a traditional fruit brandy that holds a special place in Hungarian culture.
Avoid seven years of bad luck
Another intriguing aspect of toasting in Hungary is the emphasis on maintaining eye contact during the toast. It is said that failing to do so can bring seven years of bad luck—a superstition that adds an engaging quirk to the ritual. This practice highlights the importance of sincerity and connection in Hungarian culture.
Whether at weddings, birthdays, or casual gatherings, toasting serves as a reminder of the bonds we share and the joy of celebrating life’s moments together. So next time you find yourself in Hungary, don’t forget to raise your glass and join in on this delightful tradition—after all, it’s not just about the drink; it’s about the shared experience and the stories that unfold with each toast!
Prepare yourself…
Guests are often expected to make a toast themselves at some point during a meal, especially if they are being toasted personally or are the guest of honour. It’s also customary for guests not to refuse drinks offered by their hosts, particularly pálinka, as doing so could be seen as impolite. On the other hand, someone being so pushy about giving you a drink may come off as impolite as well.
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- Big change ahead: Hungarian government bans alcohol from shop windows
- Hungary among Europe’s beer-loving nations: Global consumption rankings revealed
Featured image: depositphotos.com
Why do many Hungarians mourn on 1 December? And why are Romanians happy because of that?
1 December is regarded by many Hungarians as a day of commemoration and mourning because of Transylvania. Transylvania was a region of the Kingdom of Hungary for hundreds of years, but now it is the Western region of modern-day Romania. More than 1 million Hungarians live there, one of the biggest indigenous national minorities in Europe.
France wanted to weaken the Kingdom of Hungary after WWI
WWI broke out because of the assassination of Crown Prince Franz Ferdinand in 1914, at least that was the pretext of the war. In fact, the war broke out because Germany wanted a redistribution of territories and colonies. Moreover, Berlin felt threatened by the forming Russia-France-Great Britain alliance in the heart of Europe.
Berlin and its allies, the Central Powers, were defeated by October-November 1918. Despite the idea of a long-lasting peace presented by US President Wilson, France wanted a resolution that cemented Germany’s weakness and France’s strength in Central Europe. Therefore, Paris wanted to create strong states around Germany, so they gave lands, wealth and support to Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia and the state of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (Yugoslavia).
As a result, the Kingdom of Hungary underwent a brutal mutilation. The Trianon Peace Treaty took 2/3rd of its territory and 1/3rd of the Hungarian population. The greatest slice was Transylvania (103,000 km², bigger than the “new” Hungary – 93,000 km²).
Peace-seeking government
The path leading to that catastrophe was marked by milestones like the Károlyi government’s peace-seeking policies from November 1918. Károlyi, having good French relationships, thought he could convince the victorious powers that “the new Hungary” was a modern, democratic state with no ambition to side again with Germany. Since Hungarian soldiers wanted to go home, he demobilised the army and would have liked to offer autonomy to the nationalities living in the Kingdom of Hungary, including the Romanian community living in Transylvania.
He did not realise that the nationalities wanted more. The nationalities demanded a secession to join Romania or found Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia. Because of that error, the Hungarian State Railways provided trains for Romanians to help them get to Gyulafehérvár (Alba Iulia) in Central Transylvania for a national gathering on 1 December 1918. There they proclaimed their demand to secede from Hungary and join Romania. In addition, the representatives of the Romanian communities granted autonomy to the Hungarians and Germans living in Transylvania.
Transylvania’s fate was decided in Paris instead of Gyulafehérvár, of course. Nobody cared about the resolutions of a similar Hungarian gathering in Kolozsvár (Cluj Napoca) a few weeks later, where the Hungarian communities proclaimed they would like to remain in Hungary.
1 December, the national day of Romania
However, 1 December is still the National Day of Romania. Romanians believe 1 December marks the day when their ancestors decided about their fate and created Greater Romania (the Republic of Moldova also joined Romania then, but now is an independent state).
In Hungary, many think about this day as the day when we lost Transylvania. Of course, that is a simplification. In 1940, thanks to the 2nd Vienna Award, the Kingdom of Hungary got back Northern Transylvania with Szeklerland. Until October 1944, it was part of Hungary again. Budapest lost it because Stalin decided to strengthen Romania instead of Hungary, and Moscow took Moldova from Bucharest to incorporate it into the Soviet Union.
The Romanian community in Moldova and the Hungarian community in Transylvania survived, although the number of the latter is decreasing quickly and gradually. The 1992 census found more than 1.6 million Hungarians in Romania. Now, their number is 500,000 less, approximately 1.1 million.
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Iconic New York Café in Budapest to launch exclusive nighttime opening hours
The New York Café, celebrated as the world’s most beautiful café and now 130 years old, has reached another milestone. Starting 13 December and running until 6 January, the iconic establishment on Erzsébet Boulevard will introduce nighttime opening hours – from midnight to 4 AM – on a trial basis. This new schedule aims to offer more people the chance to experience Budapest’s jewel in an exclusive and serene atmosphere. If successful, nighttime service with a dedicated menu will launch in March.
The December nighttime opening is designed to let guests avoid long waits and enjoy the magic of the café in peace. To match the nighttime ambiance, special lighting will be installed, and a life-sized figure of El Asmodáj, the torch-holding demon on the façade, will move inside to become a popular photo attraction. Additionally, designated selfie spots will be created, providing perfect settings for memorable pictures.
Legend has it that when the café first opened, Hungarian writer Ferenc Molnár wished for the place never to close, throwing its keys into the Danube to seal his wish. Now, 130 years later, this dream comes true with nighttime hours. Table reservations will be available through the café’s website. If the concept proves successful, a special nighttime menu will also be introduced in March for guests enjoying the historic ambiance.
To mark its 130th anniversary, the café has created a special cake combining apricot and chocolate flavours, which will be available to guests throughout the year.
@alparkato Iconic New York Café in #Budapest to launch exclusive nighttime opening hours Source: dailynewshungary.com https://dailynewshungary.com/new-york-cafe-budapest-birthday-nighttime/ #dailynewshungary #newyorkcafebudapest
♬ La Lecon Particuliere – Bof La Lecon Particuliere – Francis Lai & Christian Gaubert
The New York Café serves 2,500 to 3,000 guests daily, totalling over 1 million visitors annually. This extraordinary challenge requires meticulous organization, and the team at CER Ltd., which operates the café as part of the Eventrend Group, is committed to meeting this proud responsibility with the highest level of professionalism.
Since being named the world’s most beautiful café by Ucityguides.com in 2011, the New York Café’s popularity has remained unshaken. It has since appeared in every iconic travel guide, thanks to its professional management, show-like programs, and high-quality service despite its large volume of guests. Today, the New York Café is rightfully considered a must-see attraction in Budapest, ranking among the city’s most sought-after sights.
The Eventrend Group boasts over three decades of experience in operating cafés, restaurants, hotels, and event management. The group currently oversees 31 projects and employs around 1,000 staff members. Among its approximately 20 gastronomic ventures are iconic names such as the Gundel Restaurant, New York Café, Centrál Café, Spoon the Boat, Főőrség Café, Városliget Café, Séf Asztala, Symbol, and the Groupama Arena. Additionally, the company manages catering at Müpa and 79 unique event rooms across 24 venues in Budapest.
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PHOTOS: Iconic sculpture group returns to the astonishing Buda Castle
The “Hungária” sculpture group once crowned the grand entrance of the Royal Palace of Buda’s north wing. This masterpiece was tragically damaged during World War II and then lost during the communist era. Now, as part of the historic renewal of Buda Castle, plans are underway to restore the north wing to its former glory, with the reconstructed sculpture group set to reclaim its place above the iconic gateway.
The National Hauszmann Programme
Buda Castle stands as a symbol of Hungary’s rich cultural heritage, reflecting over 750 years of history marked by cycles of creation and destruction. Today, the National Hauszmann Programme aims to revitalise this iconic site, blending respect for tradition with modern restoration efforts. Between 2019 and 2021, the programme focuses on restoring public spaces, parks, and gardens, while reconstructing key historical structures like the Guardhouse and Riding Hall. More than a tourist attraction, the initiative aspires to return Buda Castle to the Hungarian people, creating a space in the heart of Budapest where everyone feels a sense of belonging.
About the iconic sculpture group
The National Hauszmann Programme shared delightful news on the return of an iconic sculpture group to the Buda Castle. When the Royal Palace of Buda underwent expansion, architect Alajos Hauszmann designed a grand main entrance for the north wing’s Szent György Square façade, inspired by Roman triumphal arches. Crowning the stunning Art Nouveau wrought iron gate by Gyula Jungfer is the “Hungária” sculpture group, created by sculptor Gyula Jankovits. This masterpiece celebrates the glory of Hungarian industry and trade, which were instrumental in the palace’s construction. Installed in 1899, the sculpture group was carved from four stone blocks sourced from the Salskút quarry and placed atop the attic of the north wing’s main entrance.
Source: Arcanum
The centrepiece of the composition is an allegorical figure of Hungária, depicted as a woman in traditional Hungarian attire with the Holy Crown on her head. She holds a laurel wreath, symbolising glory and victory, in one hand, and a small Hungarian flag in the other, acting as a protective shield. To her right, a male figure represents Hungarian industry, equipped with a chisel and hammer, while to her left sits an allegorical female figure symbolising trade, holding a messenger’s staff, the ancient emblem of commerce. This sculpture group not only enhances the architectural grandeur of the palace but also embodies Hungary’s cultural pride and historical achievements.
Source: Fortepan
A sorrowful past
During World War II, the north wing of the Royal Palace of Buda and its gateway suffered damage, with parts of the “Hungária” sculpture group broken off, though much of it initially survived. However, in the post-war communist era, the sculpture group was removed, destroyed, and lost for ideological reasons. The north wing was also stripped of its historicist features, rebuilt in a simplified style, and significantly altered, including the removal of the original main entrance on Szent György Square. As part of the ongoing historic renewal of Buda Castle, the north wing will be reconstructed based on Alajos Hauszmann’s original designs, with the restored “Hungária” sculpture group reclaiming its prominent position above the northern gateway.
Photo: Facebook / Nemzeti Hauszmann Program
Source: Fortepan
Photo: Facebook / Nemzeti Hauszmann Program
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Suleiman the Magnificent: The Great Sultan’s heart rediscovered in Hungary
The name Suleiman I, also known as Suleiman the Magnificent, is inseparably tied to one of Hungary’s most pivotal historical events: the Battle of Szigetvár in 1566. This clash marked both a significant Ottoman victory and the end of the Sultan’s extraordinary life.
Though the battle ultimately cemented Ottoman dominance in the region, Suleiman’s death was shrouded in secrecy to preserve the morale of his troops. According to Divány, his internal organs were buried on Hungarian soil near the village of Turbék, while his body was later transported to Istanbul. Over the centuries, the location of his tomb faded into obscurity until modern researchers rediscovered it—a poignant reminder of the intertwined histories of Hungary and the Ottoman Empire.
The reign of Suleiman the Magnificent
Ascending the throne at just 26, Suleiman wasted no time in asserting his power. His campaigns were nothing short of transformative, reshaping the political and cultural landscape of three continents. Among his earliest conquests were Nándorfehérvár (modern-day Belgrade) and the island of Rhodes, followed by sweeping victories across the Middle East.
On the seas, the Ottoman fleet, under his command, dominated the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, most notably triumphing at the Battle of Preveza against the combined forces of Venice and Spain. Beyond military glory, Suleiman’s era was one of artistic and intellectual flourishing, often referred to as the “Classical Age” of Ottoman culture. His patronage of architecture, literature, and the arts left a legacy that extended far beyond the battlefield.
Suleiman met his end during the siege of Szigetvár at the age of 72, likely from illness. His death, occurring on the precipice of victory, was kept secret until the battle’s conclusion. While his body was interred in Istanbul, his heart and other internal organs were buried in Hungary, where a türbe (mausoleum) and mosque were built in his honour.
Over time, these structures fell into ruin, and their location was forgotten until a 17th-century engraving provided modern historians with clues to locate them. This rediscovery has become a symbol of the layered and complex relationship between the two nations.
One Sultan – Two perspectives
Suleiman’s legacy takes on vastly different hues depending on which side of history one is standing. For Hungarians, his name evokes memories of devastating wars, the loss of sovereignty, and a century and a half of Ottoman occupation. He is seen as the face of an era marked by strife and subjugation. Conversely, Turks hold him in the highest regard as the architect of the Ottoman Empire’s golden age. Under his rule, the empire reached its zenith, gaining international prestige and becoming a formidable power that extended from Central Europe to the Arabian Peninsula.
The Turkish occupation of Hungary and Suleiman’s role in it left indelible marks on Hungarian historical consciousness. Works such as The Eclipse of the Crescent Moon (Egri Csillagok) vividly portray this era, capturing the resilience of the Hungarian people and the challenges of life under Ottoman rule. Suleiman’s story is one of contrasts: a conqueror whose military ambition reshaped borders and a statesman whose reforms and patronage elevated his empire. To this day, his name is etched in the shared history of Hungary and Turkey, a testament to a time when the fates of two nations collided under the shadow of an extraordinary leader.
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Is your luck running out? These Hungarian superstitions could change everything!
Superstitions have long been woven into the fabric of Hungarian folk culture, passed down through generations as a way to explain life’s uncertainties or influence the future. These beliefs often originated in ancient practices where people used symbols, rituals, and alleged magical acts to protect themselves against the unknown and the forces of nature. While modern science has debunked many of these notions, superstitions still linger, influencing daily life either as playful traditions or deeply rooted beliefs.
Hungary’s superstitions are impressively diverse, with some enduring to this day. Take the age-old concern over a black cat crossing your path—widely seen as a harbinger of bad luck, though others argue its meaning depends on the cat’s direction. Breaking a mirror is said to curse you with seven years of misfortune, though folklore suggests you can dodge the hex by burying the shards. Spilling salt? That’s thought to spark a quarrel, but tossing a pinch of salt over your shoulder supposedly wards off the bad vibes.
The well-known superstitions
One well-loved superstition involves wallets: gifting an empty wallet is believed to invite financial troubles, so tradition insists you tuck in a coin to symbolise future prosperity. Meanwhile, hanging a horseshoe over a door is said to shield the home and bring good fortune, and spotting a rare four-leaf clover promises a run of good luck.
New Year’s Eve and New Year’s Day hold special significance for Hungarian superstitions, brimming with rituals to ensure a lucky year ahead. Eating lentils on 1st January is a tradition for many families, as the legumes are symbols of abundance and wealth. Conversely, chicken and fish are typically avoided—chickens are said to “scratch away” your luck, while fish may “swallow” it. Spiders, however, enjoy a rare moment of favour; encountering one on New Year’s Day is seen as a sign of incoming wealth or an unexpected guest.
Hungarian beliefs often centre around everyday situations and objects. For instance, wearing clothes inside out is seen as a quirky sign of good fortune. Doorways and thresholds also carry a wealth of superstition; turning back after leaving the house is considered unlucky, so many people will sit down for a moment before setting out again. These small gestures, though seemingly trivial, were meant to act as symbolic safeguards against misfortune.
The cultural importance of superstitions
Far from being relics of the past, Hungarian superstitions are a living piece of cultural heritage. Some articles like the one from 24.hu or BEOL contain a list of these superstitions, but what is the importance behind them? They provide a window into how earlier generations grappled with uncertainty and sought to impose order on chaos. Today, people may keep these traditions alive out of nostalgia or for fun, but their cultural and social significance endures.
Superstitions help bridge the gap between past and present, offering insights into how our ancestors navigated an unpredictable world. They remind us that the human need for guidance and hope in the face of an unknown future is timeless. Whether taken seriously or embraced as lighthearted customs, these beliefs remain an integral part of Hungarian identity, connecting us to our roots while lending a touch of enchantment to contemporary life.
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This Hungarian word has become known and used worldwide!
Hungarian words rarely venture into the global lexicon, but when they do, they carry rich tales of history and innovation. These rare linguistic travellers reflect Hungary’s unique cultural imprint, leaving a lasting impression far beyond its borders.
Hungarian words that conquered the world
The Hungarian language, known for its rich and unique vocabulary, has adopted numerous foreign words over the centuries. However, the reverse is far less common, with relatively few Hungarian words finding their way into global usage, according to Promotions. One notable exception is the Hungarian word kocsi, which originates from the village of Kocs in Komárom-Esztergom County. This term, referring to a coach or carriage, has been widely adopted by numerous languages, including Slovak (koc), Polish (kocz), Spanish (coche), German (Kutsche), and English (coach). It stands as a rare example of Hungarian linguistic influence worldwide.
Another fascinating example involves Hungarian contributions to English vocabulary. The English phrase “itsy-bitsy” traces back to the Hungarian word ici-pici, likely popularised in America by a Hungarian-born film director. Moreover, the term biro, commonly used in British English to refer to a ballpoint pen, stems from László József Bíró, the Hungarian inventor who patented the device in 1938. Adopted by the British government for its utility in high-altitude aircraft, the biro gained widespread recognition, underscoring Hungary’s subtle yet impactful imprint on global lexicons.
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Featured image: depositphotos.com
Baths in Budapest: A journey through lesser-known histories
The famous thermal baths in Budapest hold fascinating stories beyond their soothing waters. From Turkish-era relics to Art Nouveau elegance, each historic bath offers a glimpse into the city’s rich and varied past. Discover some of the lesser-known facts that make the baths in Budapest true cultural landmarks.
Császár Baths
Termálfürdő writes that the Császár Bath, one of the oldest thermal baths in Budapest, boasts a fascinating history dating back to the Turkish occupation when it was famed for its powerful hot springs that fuelled a mill year-round. Rebuilt in the elegant neoclassical style by architect József Hild, it became a leading spa in 19th-century Pest and Buda, offering visitors a lively social experience with music in its courtyard. The setting by the Danube, surrounded by vineyards and lush greenery, made it an enchanting destination. In 1853, Császár introduced Hungary’s first modern steam baths, followed by separate swimming pools for men and women, setting new standards for thermal baths in Budapest.
Lukács Baths
The Lukács Baths in Budapest, once a modest facility frequented by the city’s working class, later evolved into a popular meeting spot for artists and intellectuals. Established in 1884 under private ownership, the baths continued to innovate, launching Budapest’s first complex spa care unit—a day hospital—in 1979.
Rudas Baths
The historic Rudas Thermal Bath in Budapest, fed by springs at the foot of Gellért Hill, has long been popular due to its central location along the Danube. Known as the “Green Column Baths” during Turkish rule, they feature green stones marking this legacy within their walls. Once a modest spot in the 19th century, the baths welcomed a diverse clientele, benefiting from nearby harbour traffic. Despite flooding in 1838, they remained structurally sound, later adding a steam bath in 1881 and a swimming pool in 1898. In the 20th century, following WWII damage, the Rudas Baths were expanded with new facilities, further cementing their role in the vibrant landscape of baths in Budapest.
The most iconic baths in Budapest
The Gellért and Széchenyi Baths in Budapest each boast unique legacies in spa history. Originally a haven for the working class, Gellért Spa emerged as Europe’s most modern bath in the 19th century, later transforming into the iconic Art Nouveau complex loved worldwide. Opened in 1918, it attracted notable visitors like Richard Nixon and Yehudi Menuhin and even hosted Queen Juliana of the Netherlands on her honeymoon. Széchenyi Spa, opened in 1913, quickly became one of the world’s largest spa complexes, drawing nearly a million guests by 1919. Expanded in the 1920s with outdoor pools, it has welcomed celebrities like Madonna.
Király Thermal Bath
The historic Király Thermal Bath, one of the oldest baths in Budapest, was built by the Turks between 1565 and the late 16th century to ensure a bathing facility within the Buda Castle walls during sieges. Interestingly, a Turkish poet who admired Buda once resided in the bath’s annexe, writing verses that reflect the Turks’ fondness for these baths. Despite its rich history, the Király Thermal Bath suffered severe damage during the siege of Budapest. It remains in need of restoration, preserving a lesser-known chapter in the story of baths in Budapest.
Dandár Thermal Bath
Opened in 1930, the Dandár Thermal Bath in Budapest offered affordable and hygienic bathing facilities, becoming the most budget-friendly option for both therapeutic patients and casual bathers. It catered to a wide audience with services like a barber for men, a hairdresser and manicurist for women, and even dedicated children’s baths with lockers. Though relatively undamaged in WWII, the baths underwent a major renovation and reopened as a spa in 1978.
Source: László Kósa -Fürdőélet a Monarchiában
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Lake Balaton’s hidden depths: Local legends speak of secrets and treasures below
Lake Balaton, renowned for its breathtaking beauty, is also shrouded in local legends of hidden treasures lurking beneath its serene waters. According to residents, there is a myriad of secrets hiding in Hungary’s iconic lake. Dive into these captivating stories and discover the treasures that have enchanted locals for generations.
The secrets of Lake Balaton
Promotions writes that Lake Balaton may now be a popular destination for swimming, water sports, and relaxation. However, its calm surface hides a wealth of secrets below. The “Hungarian Sea” has played a central role in Hungary’s history for centuries, from fishing and trade. Beneath its waters lie relics of this rich past, including old wooden ships and boats dating back to the 18th and 19th centuries. These vessels, sunk by sudden storms and accidents, rest on the lakebed along with rumours of buried treasures—perhaps even gold or silver.
From war relics to personal belongings
Since the late 19th century, steamboats have navigated the waters of Lake Balaton, and today, remnants of these early vessels rest on the lakebed, often due to technical failures or accidents. The lake’s history grew even more complex during the Second World War, when fierce battles between German, Hungarian, and Soviet forces took place around Balaton. Tanks, military boats, and other combat vehicles were submerged, with some reports even suggesting aircraft remains.
Following the war, leftover military equipment, including weapons and explosives, was also discarded into the lake, adding to the collection of submerged relics. In more recent decades, even cars have ended up in the lake’s waters due to accidents or vandalism, while abandoned water sports equipment like surfboards and kayaks lie scattered on the lakebed. In addition, you must know someone who has lost a watch or a ring in Lake Balaton…
Legends about hidden treasures
Lake Balaton is steeped in legends of hidden treasures, with tales that captivate locals and visitors alike. One of the most famous stories centres around Saint Ladislaus of Hungary, who is said to have hidden his treasures in or near the lake to keep them out of enemy hands as an army approached. Though there’s no solid evidence to confirm this, the legend remains alive in local lore. Another popular tale dates back to the Turkish occupation of the 16th and 17th centuries, when Turkish soldiers, forced to retreat, supposedly concealed their stolen goods around Balaton, many never returning to reclaim them.
Another enduring legend is that of the “Golden Boat,” a merchant vessel said to have sunk in Lake Balaton, loaded with gold bars, silver, and gemstones. To this day, locals say the ship’s precious cargo remains undiscovered beneath the lake’s surface. While divers have retrieved some artefacts from Balaton’s depths, the thick lakebed mud and strict conservation laws make excavation challenging. Today, any archaeological exploration in Lake Balaton requires special permits, to preserve both the lake’s natural beauty and its hidden history.
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Hungarian national symbols: A connection between past and present
Hungary has a rich and vibrant history, and over the years, our culture has acquired a number of symbols that reflect the cultural pride and remarkable heritage of the nation. Some of these Hungarian national symbols are well known to foreigners, while other symbols may surprise even the most seasoned traveller.
A symbol is more than just a representation of a concept, it also evokes the emotions and values associated with it. For example, the Hungarian national colours (red, white and green) are a highly respected emblem that resonates deeply with all Hungarians as a symbol of unity and national pride.
When discussing symbols and relics of the past, it is important to recognise that they can fall into several categories. These symbols can be either religious relics, literary artefacts, national emblems, or other cherished icons. Each of them serves as a strong link to Hungary’s heritage and identity. We consider such symbols and relics to be integral threads in the fabric of Hungarian culture.
The Hungarian national symbols
The first Hungarian National symbol which is known by many is the National Song, a powerful poem by Sándor Petőfi, written in 1848 just before the Hungarian Revolution kicked off on the 15th of March. Petőfi had originally intended to debut the poem at the People’s Assembly scheduled for 19 March, but as events took a dramatic turn, he recited it earlier, on the day of the uprising at the Pilvax Café. This moment transformed the National Song from a piece of poetry into a rallying cry for freedom.
The Hungarian Holy Crown is one of Europe’s oldest surviving crowns, a powerful emblem of Hungarian statehood that has been central to the nation’s history since the 12th century. Known as the foundation of Hungarian constitutional law from the Angevin period until the end of WWII, the ‘Doctrine of the Holy Crown’ recognised the crown not just as a symbol, but as a legal entity embodying the source of state power. According to tradition, King Stephen I consecrated the crown to the Virgin Mary in 1038, elevating it as a revered icon of Hungary’s sovereignty and spirit.
The miraculous stag is a central figure in Hungarian mythology and folklore, revered as a divine messenger. In ancient Hungarian religions, gods were often depicted as stags or falcon-like birds. This motif has parallels in both Eastern and Western cultures, suggesting that the Hungarians brought an Eastern deer legend with them when they migrated and later mixed it with Christian lore. For many Eurasian and North American cultures, the miraculous stag symbolises the starry sky, and for the Scythians, the golden stag represented royal power and strength.
The tulip is one of the oldest symbols in Hungarian folk art and is considered to be the country’s earliest floral motif, along with similar flowers such as the lily and the chrysanthemum. While its origins—whether Eastern or Western—have been debated, it is known that the tulip flower itself arrived in Hungary in the 18th century through Western gardening traditions. In folk art, the tulip motif is sometimes referred to as the ‘rosebud’, highlighting its deep-rooted place and versatility in Hungarian culture.
In addition to these iconic symbols, Hungarian culture is rich in many other symbols that appear in everyday life—in decorations, celebrations, films, public demonstrations and much more. These symbols are intertwined in the foundation of Hungarian identity, bringing tradition to life in both personal and public spaces.
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Unexpected medieval child burial found in Hungarian archaeological excavation
The largest archaeological excavation in Visegrád’s history has yielded extraordinary findings, including a recent discovery at the site of the former Franciscan church near the Visegrád Royal Palace. The dig has uncovered dozens of skeletons, likely belonging to monks and civilians, dating primarily between the early 15th and mid-16th centuries.
A remarkable discovery in the church nave
Archaeologists found an unusual cluster of tombs near the sanctuary in the church’s nave, Helló Magyar said. What was expected to be the resting place of an adult unexpectedly revealed a child’s skeleton, wrapped in a shroud without a coffin. Just below the child’s right femur, the outline of a larger object appeared. Upon careful excavation, archaeologists identified this as a well-preserved iron padlock, typical of 16th-century design. Additionally, a fist-sized stone was discovered near the child’s skull, close to the mouth.
Deeper excavation of the pit revealed the skeleton of an adult buried without a coffin, showing signs of severe degenerative issues that would have significantly restricted mobility. Interestingly, a second padlock was found on the adult’s right foot.
Uncovering medieval superstitions
The presence of these padlocks suggests the influence of medieval superstitions. In that period, padlocks were believed to secure the dead within their graves, preventing their spirits from returning to the living world. This belief was closely linked to legends of vampires. In Hungary, such spirits were called “nora,” a vampire-like creature believed to rise from an unbaptised child’s grave and draw blood or milk from the sleeping, weakening them over time.
The two skeletons—an adult and a child—buried together and secured with padlocks may suggest a connection. Scholars speculate they may have been related and, due to possible physical or mental conditions, might have been feared, prompting burial measures to prevent their return. Additionally, the stone fragment near the child’s mouth could support this vampire lore, hinting that it may have originally been placed intentionally.
Further research and the Visegrád Renaissance
This discovery is just one part of the Visegrád Renaissance development programme, initiated in 2021. Led by experts from the Hungarian National Museum’s National Archaeological Institute and the King Matthias Museum, the project aims to recreate the Royal Palace and castle system in the Renaissance style of King Matthias’ era. Over the coming years, the Lower Castle, Solomon’s Tower, valley wall, moat, and the entire Visegrád Citadel will undergo extensive restoration and revitalisation.
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Commemorations of the heroes of the 1956 revolution – photos
Across the country, civilians and politicians commemorated the events of 68 years ago, when Soviet tanks drowned the Hungarian Revolution in blood.
Commemoration for fallen 1956 medics in Budapest
The National Forum and the defence ministry held a commemoration at the memorial of the fallen medics in downtown Budapest.
At the event held on the national day of mourning commemorating the crushing of the 1956 revolution, Deputy Speaker of Parliament Sándor Lezsák, the leader of the National Forum, said the statue was a “permanent source of power, an inexhaustible force field.”
Defence Minister Kristóf Szalay-Bobrovniczky said medics would always be needed as long as wars were fought. “We thank them for all they have done for this nation and remember those who saved lives by risking their own,” he said.
At another event in the 17th district of Budapest, the Prime Minister’s adviser, Katalin Szili, said the anniversary showed that “we must always stand up for Hungary’s freedom and independence”.
On November 4, 1956, Hungary was occupied, she said. In Budapest, 2,045 people died by January 1957, more than 16,000 were injured, and 456 were killed in retaliation, she said.
“The later generations must remember the heroes of 1956 at all times; that’s why parliament needed to declare November 4 a day of national mourning in 2013,” she said.
read also: Fools of ’56? Hungarian researcher sparks controversy over Heroes of the Revolution
Concert in St. Stephen’s Basilica
Tisza Party marks the crushing of the 1956 revolution
Péter Magyar, the leader of the opposition Tisza Party, paid tribute to the heroes of Hungary’s 1956 revolution at a memorial site in Kiskunmajsa, in southern Hungary, on Monday, marking the national day of mourning in remembrance of the crushing of the anti-communist uprising, the party said.
“Remembrance is especially important now that our government openly denies and goes against the most heroic days of our history,” the statement cited Magyar as saying in a speech. “They purposely want to erase those few glorious days of our history when we stood up against our oppressors, when the desire for freedom and patriotism prevailed over tyrannical oppression.”
“The Tisza Party considers the distortion and conscious desecration of the actual narrative to be unworthy of this day, unworthy of our shared national identity and unworthy of the spirit of 1956,” he added.
Magyar visited the Kiskunmajsa memorial site together with the local movement of the Tisza Islands background organisation.
Fiumei Road cemetery
Photo gallery from today: Hungarian national flag flown at half-mast in front of Parliament
Christian Democrats commemoration
The sacrifice of the heroes of the 1956 revolution was what opened the door to Hungary’s transition to democracy, the withdrawal of the Soviets and ultimately the restoration of the country’s sovereignty, Tristan Azbej, deputy leader of the co-ruling Christian Democrats, said at a commemoration of the crushing of the 1956 uprising in Budapest’s 16th district on Monday.
Azbej said the Christian Democrats were paying tribute to two young 1956 martyrs, Peter Mansfeld and Ilonka Toth, who had used different means to fight against tyranny and in defence of Hungarian freedom and sovereignty.
“Peter Mansfeld took the fight to oppressive power, while Ilonka Toth had perhaps an even stronger weapon: healing,” Azbej said. “Ilonka Toth is not just a hero of patriotism, but a hero of the homeland and love.”
He said the sacrifice of the martyrs also called for today’s generation of Hungarians to fight in defence of national sovereignty, although through different means. “This is what our past teaches us, because throughout its history spanning over a millennium, Hungary always had to fight for freedom and survival.”
Azbej said the revolutionaries of 1956 had eventually earned the recognition of the entire world by rising up against one of the world’s strongest armies, adding that the heroes had also experienced what it was like to be left to fend for themselves. “Western Europe and the enlightened world didn’t really acknowledge our struggle,” Azbej said.
He said that though the freedom fight was seemingly crushed on November 4, the deaths of the martyrs had led to “a happier and freer Hungary”. The sacrifice of the revolutionaries had not been in vain, he said, because the Soviet leadership had conceded that Hungarians could not be subjugated through total dictatorship. Azbej said it was the sacrifice of the heroes of 1956 that had eventually led to Hungary’s transition to democracy, the withdrawal of the Russians and ultimately the restoration of the country’s sovereignty.
Fools of ’56? Hungarian researcher sparks controversy over Heroes of the Revolution – UPDATE
“He who does not recognise overwhelming force is not a hero, but a fool!” – wrote Bálint Somkuti, a researcher at the Research Institute of the Hungarian Sovereignty Protection Office, on the anniversary of the suppression of the ’56 Revolution.
Bálint Somkuti, a researcher at the much-criticised Research Institute of the Hungarian Sovereignty Protection Office, announced his appointment a month earlier in a separate statement. The research institute is headed by József Horváth, an internal intelligence officer of the former party-state, Division III/III.
Today is the 68th anniversary of the suppression of the 1956 revolution, and Somkuti thought it was the right time to denounce the Hungarian revolutionaries who defended their homeland openly.
In addition, according to Gulyáságyú Media, Somkuti originally wrote that “anyone who does not respect the enemy is not a hero, but a fool”, but later amended this.
This is also interesting because he then writes, “Glory to the heroes!” which, presumably, in his understanding, refers to Soviet soldiers and Hungarians who did not participate in the resistance.
Since the regime change in 1989, Hungarian society has generally held revolutionaries in high regard, regardless of political affiliation. Only during the socialist era did communist educational materials cast revolutionaries in a negative light, according to *Helló Magyar*. This attitude, however, appears to be shifting, with an increasing number of public officials and members of Viktor Orbán’s government now viewing past revolutions as unnecessary patriotic exercises. They believe it might have been more pragmatic to surrender rather than defend the homeland at great cost. Most notably, Balázs Orbán, an advisor to the Prime Minister, recently endorsed this perspective, saying the Orbán cabinet would NOT have defended Hungary in case of a Russian invasion.
Previously, government official Tamás Somkuti had made a similarly controversial remark about the 1956 revolution, which drew significant public backlash. He recently stated that it was beneficial the West did not intervene on Hungary’s behalf in 1956, suggesting otherwise, Hungary’s fate might have mirrored that of present-day Ukraine.
The Hungarian government seems to be cultivating a new narrative to erode society’s reverence for Hungarian revolutionaries. Initially, a few officials voice these views, setting the stage for the sentiment to gain wider acceptance over time. Although the exact motivation remains unclear, it is presumably intended to encourage greater public alignment with Russian actions by downplaying the heroes of 1956.
Meanwhile, the Hungarian flag was lowered to half-mast outside Parliament, commemorating those who sacrificed their lives for Hungarian freedom. Photos can be viewed here.
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UPDATE
Update
It doesn’t need much explanation, the office was right to react to their employee’s outburst against revolutionaries:
“Today, the Hungarian Sovereignty Protection Office terminated the contract of Dr. Bálint Somkuti with immediate effect.”
Remarkable 15th-century sword discovered in Hungary during archaeological excavation – PHOTOS
A 15th-century sword in remarkable condition was discovered during a community archaeology excavation in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County, organised by the Herman Ottó Museum and the MNM National Archaeological Institute.
15th-century sword in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County
Lelépő writes that during a community archaeology excavation on 23 October in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County, organised by the Herman Ottó Museum’s Archaeology Department and the MNM National Archaeological Institute, an extraordinary discovery was made. Volunteers from the National Institute’s Community Archaeology Programme uncovered several finds, but the standout artefact was a remarkably preserved 15th-century sword, discovered by volunteer Kristóf Monyók. This significant find, revealed during a metal detector search, is currently being examined further by experts, who anticipate more insights once the cleaning process is complete.
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